Fuel-oil engine.



U. P, USTERGREN (Q G. FAST.

FUEL OIL ENGiNE.

APPLICATION mm JULY 22. W11

1 177,890. Patented Apr. 12311 4 SHEE S SFUE Q4!" E i i O. P OSTERGREN & G. FAST.

FUEL OiL ENGINE.

APPLICATION men :un 22. 191:.

4 SHEETS SHEET Z.

Patented Apr. 4, 1910.

Lg my H m m m% n PF N H n A dM F. MJERGREN (Q G. FAST.

FUEL OIL ENGINE.

APmcAnow mm JULY 22,1911

0. P. OSTERGREN & G. FAST.

FUEL OIL ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 22v19n.

Patentd Apr. 4, 1916.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

i gr

W/TN

ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES'PATENT OFFICE.

OSCAR P. OSTERGREN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y, AND GUSTAV FAST, OF ORANGE, NIENV JERSEY, ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGN TO COMPOUND CYCLE ENGINE COM- PANY, OF NEW YORK. N. Y., A CORPORA ION OF NEW YORK.

FUEL-OIL ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 4, 1916.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known thatwe. ()sovu I. ()s'rnucnnN and (ilS'IAY Fas'r, residing at the city of New York. borough of Brooklyn, State of New York. and Orange. in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, respectively, have invented certain new and useful Improvements iii Fuel-Oil Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to methods of and apparatus for converting heat into work, and. with respect to its more specific features, to motors comprising an internal combustion engine of the constant pressure type.

()ne of the objects of the invention is the production of a motor of the type described having an increased etiiciency. I

Another object of the invention is the pro; vision of a practicaLmgtoeof the type referred to which is of comparatively small weight and size. i

Another object of the invention is the provision of an eflicient motor of the type described which shall be simple in construction and iii which relatively few valves are employed.

Another object of the invention is the pro-' duction of a practical motor in which the torque shall be uniform.

Still another object of the invention is the provision of a simple and efficient fuel feeding mechanism for motors of the type dc scribed. I

Still another object of the invention is the provision of a simple device for efliciently injecting fuel.

Other objects will be in partobvious and in part pointed out hereinafter.

The invention accordingly consists in the several steps and the relation and order of one or more of such steps with relation to each of the others thereof, and in the features of construction, combinations of elements and arrangement of parts, which will be exemplified in the method hereinafter disclosed and the construction hereinafter In the accompanying drawings, wherein is shown one of the various possible embodiments of the invention, and in which similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views, Figure 1 represents an elevation of an apparatus embodying the invention; Fig. 2 is a vertical central cross section through Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a vertical central cross section through one of the internal combustion engines; Fig. 4

is a vertical longitudinal section through the three cylinders; and Fig. 5 is a section of the fuel pumping mechanism on an enlarged scale. I

In motors of the internal combustion type the power of the engine may be measured by the amount and compression of the air which may be utilized to form the ex losive mixture. With the same quality of uel an internal combustion engine will develop power in proportion to the amount of air re uired to combine therewith to obtain perfec c n, more air being needed for a larger quantity of fuel, and vice versa'. Also, within practical limits, the eiiiciency of an internal combustion engine is propor tioned to the compression to which the air ture and the pressure are carried before leav-' ing the motor elements. It,.therefore, follows that, within the working limits of heat and pressure, the power of an internal combastion engine will be increased by an increase in the amount of air to conbine with tho fuel; by an increase of the ressure at which ignition is effected, and y a more extended utilization of the inherent expansion energy of the hot motive fluid, and it will be noted that in the engine described herein, the principles of the eflicient production of power are exemplified, and that by the arrangement and disposition of the parts together with the principles of operation the engine described is a practical and eflicient machine of comparatively small weight, capable of developing great power.

Preparatory to a detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention,

p el'erreii iletaiis not now neeemary to men lion. it will he el air that viewed ll! certain Briefly state l. the einhotl nient. illust ated eompiisee a plurality of internal comhnaion engines A and ll. whirls. when regarded as mere engines. are alike in strnrtnre ainl operation. liar-h of thue engines is prel'- erahlr vi the four ij \(lt type. and eompriws a eyliniler l. a piston 1!. ii lilptitl to reeiproeate in the e 'lin ler. a connecting I'Wl l. pivotally joinetl to the piston. a valve 4. prete'ahlv a newlle'valve. through which fuel inieetetl into lln, cylinder. anal a valve through which a tlniii to support eon;- hnation is inlmitetl to the cylinder. in this instanre. air. and. as will he noieil her inafter. i'he valve 3 ahgo MIYPS f r the exhaust of the pruliieln of 'l lllilliStlfill from the eylindex". Each internal (*()]!t )i!fi.lI."1l engine is eonneeied t the a nal power transmitting: shaft 6. he means of cranks T to whieh the eonneotingg rod 3 ijr-ornalei'l. the eranka of ear-l1 engine. lasing arranged in itlentieal relation to the Rhaft. so that the pistons more s5maltaneonsly either inward or outward. in thy present enihotiinient the rranlca are ini'losetl in a housing 54. llltll may (-Hiij-llli a sapnly of oil for lali ieation. as in maial in en ine,--xf thir. eharaeter fore stated. f ee engines A and B A mar he of ant mniahh; [vptof internal eonr hns Mi engine. lm' it is prel erreil to employ internal Lf lklll i-.ll ll engine: of the min stunt pressure typo on aeeonnt of the in rreaaeil fi tlm'l o? mi h engines over others, ;?ll(i hen-awe ('!!,f i P of thi=- type posnesa sin-rial :l(l.-'lll'tlzi;.f0iml runner-Lion with the other p wer elementa whieh will now he do nrrihc-rl.

The ehara ter L iniiiealns an expansion x'not'ori hieh in ilte preferrz-al inh'nliment as illustrated. eonipi h rs a vlinoer f and a :Qfifiiiflitiilt"1') piaton i eonnee'mi 1 fly shaft; i hr the, urinal eoniieeting rial ll, and erank 1;. said motor i being ii"ilei';il lv lo ealled heiween the en inea A and B, Threranl; oi the ex'iianFirn motor i arraniz' l at an angle of 180 with reaper? to the eran is;

7. m that the piston oi the (Kill-intuit mot 'r mo; in its cylinder in ClUCCUOIlfi opposite to the movement of the pistons 12. the latter moving out as the former moves in and vice versa. in the eylintler of the expan ion i11 tor. ahme the limit of movement of the pi ton l illlll prel'erahly in the lltiHl of the cylinder. me (no pork or p' genaya 1? and ll. eonneeiing the eylintler H with tho eomhnstion elialnl ei's' ol' the enginw Ellltl l3. respeetirel aml the valves .3 re hreateil to e ntrol thew pa.-.- a;1e\\'a eaeh pawagjeoai hein thus eomnn'n to tho L\'llllhan A Hill! (1 anti ii :tinl (X rwawetirely. anti eat'h \ali e 3 heing eonnnon lo the aame eYlinilers and roi'ilrolling' pan; r fe therehw tween. The eyliniler ol the expanaion mo tor is also prorirletl with an exhaust port 13. tltllllJlWl t permit the est-ape into (he. atmosphere of the eontent. ol the expansion motor eylintler at the eoinpletion of the outwaril trol e of its plan it. hi the preferred emlmtliment the l ir iolt i is ol the trunk \ariety. in tlepenlling llanue heing illlilltlttl to unemer the port 13 in t pri r to the eompletion of it ontwartl stroke. am] to (lose hllltl pert shortly after it hegjins its llHYHl'tl movement anil keep it elosml for the full inward rtroke. The engines A illltl ii are f the f ur evele. eomtant prwsnre type. an=l though the pi lons thereof more simultaneomlv in the same (ll'tktlltill. the phaw are arrangmi fitill" apart. o that (HiltlillhllUH is ell'eetwl lirst in one llIHlOI'. then in the other. as the pistrna arrive at the inward limit of their stroke. thie arrangement. with the expanai n motor. rexnlting in two power impulses for tIlt'll reroliltimi oi the eranlc shalt.

Enough of the vomit tieti n i121 now heen (lererihetl to enahle a elear nn lmt-tamling of a portion (f the operation to he haul. anrl it will l aeilitate the eonnn'eliension of further (leseription to e\'plain the general operatien. Assumini z the lll i lllS of the internal eomhnstien engines to he at the upper limit of their movement. and the piston ol' the engine to he starting: outward oh its inlet. stroke, th valve 5 governing the pasmgeway 1-; will he open nllll the \alre governing the parsagewav 14 will he hehl eloserl hy meehanisin hereinafter le erihetl. The piston of the expansion nator will he at its outer limit aml heirinning to rise, As it risen. the pise ten of the engine A\ il seent'lw. itlltl the eontents of the ovlintler of the expansion motor (in this inatan e. air; will he 'Ulfllil'trZHttl lhr na'h the par-sagen'ar or port 1-? into the \'llll(ll"l' ef engine A. the piston of the latter moving outward. and when the stroke in the ilireetions mentioned is eonipletetl. air will have heen atliahatiiealiy eompressetl in the ("VllXLLltX' of engine A to a tleglree depending on the relative volumes, of evlinders 1 aml 9. The iliann ter of the expansion.evlinileand ,s i tnn i greater than that of either of the ,iiiernal ctaahuiation engines, and tin; pro

portiins are such that the pressure in the internal combustion engines upon the completion of the stroke referred to is approximately 100 lbs. The valve 5 of engine A is now closed, and a furthercompression of air is effected as the piston rises, and when the piston has completed its inward stroke,

the air pressure therein is above the igniting ered, the products, which have been greatly reduced both in pressure and temperature.

exhaust into the atmosphere. As the piston 9 descends on its power stroke, the piston of engine A rises and drives outany products of combustion therein, whereupon it is ready foranother supply of air. The same cycle of operations is performed by engine B, but each phase being 360 removed from thato'hengine A, the expansion. motor accomplishesan expansion stroke once in every revolution of the crank shaft, the cylinder and piston of the latter operating as acompressor on the return or inward stroke. and

compressing tits. contents alternately, first into the one engine and then into the other, and it will tie-observed thateachI-passageway 13 and 14 serves both'as arr exhaust pwa'geway for the products of combustion from the engines and an admission or inlet for air to support combustion, the valves 5 being thus alternately heated by one and cooled by the other. and each valve 5 operating both as an inlet and an exhaust valve for the internal combustion engines.

"In the foregoing description of the op eration of the engine, the expansion motor is presumed to have been scavenged in any suitable manner, as by the injection of air from a separate pump, but in the preferred type, as illustrated, the" piston of the expansion motor is utilized as the piston 'of a reciprrocatory fluid pump. the walls of the cylinder 9 being extended or continued in walls 16. forming an inclosed pump chamber '17 on the opposite side of the ,piston 10, and with which the piston 9 cooperates. In the preferred embodiment the crank 12 is also inclosed in the chamber 17 and a valve 18 is lrcated in the wall of the pump chamber or crank case, preferably a rotary valve, and

is so" timed as to open when the piston moves on ltSdIlWflId' or upward stroke and close when the sald piston moves outward.

The air'sucked in on the upward stroke of after the exhaust port 15, in order that the enging the expansion cylinder and filling 5 the same with pure air preparatory to the succeeding air compressing stroke of the piston 10. lreferaily. the port 20 opens pressure in cylinder 9 may be small when the air enters.

As before stated. the diameter of the ew pansion motor is greater than that of the internal combustion engines, and its volume is also greater. and it will be clear that on its upward stroke the expansion motor operates as a first stage compressor. and delivers and compresses air into the cylinders of the engines A and B ata comparatively low pressure compared \vith the ultimate com pression in the engines. The engines A and B being of the constant pressure type for only a portion of their stroke. that is. up to the point of cut-off. and the remainder of their power stroke being performed by exrpansion. the pressure in either at the end of their working stroke is less than the highest compression of air therein, so that the pressure on the piston of the expansion motor is much less per square inch than the highest pressure in the internal combustion engines. (cnseipiently, whether regarded as a comgpressor or a-motor cylinder. the cylinder 9 does'not have to withstand pressures as high suns no learanceat'the upper limit of its st'mkefhnd as'tlie passageways 13 and 1% may be short. the quantity of air compressed in the internal combustion engines will be practically constant for each compression stroke. And it will also be noted that by the two stage compressions the volmne of highly compressed air at a temperature sufiicicnt to ignite the fuel, is greater than the volume when single stage compression direct from ahnospheric pressure is employed, for cylinders of tne same size, the heat radiation being 'ielatively small. thus preserving a more definite ignition temperature.

l'lefore t,lt':-t'l'llillll' the fuel supply mechanism and the devices employed for the inltt'llUll of the fuel into the engine. some of the runner-ting merhanism whereby the sevral pan is operate in preseribed or p eferred order \\ill be enumerated. The cranks of the rylinders A. ll. and t are eonneeted to the shaft 1. and the met-hauisms \vhirh operate tlufuel pumps. the \alves. and the fuel imitating: meehaniun derive their movement from the wank shaft.

llunumeral indii fllt a gear \vheel rotatuig u ith the shaft it and meshing with a larger gear 2?! supported by a horizontal eountershaft ill journaled in bearings on thr engine The rotary air inlet valve 18 uhirii admits air to the erauk vase is driven from the eouutershat't through gears 34 and iii. of etplal sin-r secured to thshaft and the rotary \al\e element respeetively. and i ill be noted that. the valve l eomprises a rotary. hollovv. rylintlrieal element 36 having diaim-trieally disposed ports 27 adapted to register with similarly disposed ports 28 in the vahe ease so that the valve 18 is t-neil tar-1y hall revolution of the eylindrieal el ment it thus permitting air to be dravvn into the crank ease eaeh time the piston to risers. The inlet vahe' will be elosed when the Pl l lll lt descends. thus causing tilttiitt l ll in the eranlt ease.

A horizontal ram shaft 39 is journaled in suitable bearings. and extends across the i-yliniiers. and by means of several properly disposed ereentries 3th motion is eommuni- (Ill-ml to the deviees for operating the fuel pum the fuel valves 4. and the rombined admission and exhaust, alves 5. Continuous r tation is rommunirated to the ram shaft fr m the t-ountershat't by an upright shaft Ill having bewled gears 32 and 33 at either end meshine \vith bevel gears 34 and 35 on thie untershaft and the eam shaft, respectively. lly means of straps lt; surroundin eertain of the rains ill). and set-tired to rods 3? vibratory motion is given to the lever arms b of oseillatim valves Ii! controlling the supply and discharge of liquid under pressure to the small 0 lind rs 40. in which pis ons ll. i'onneeted to the atems -12 of the valves 53 are adapted to reeiproeate so as to operate said valves The liquid. such as oil is supplied from an aeeumulator through a pipe 42). and is disrharg'ed from the evlinder by a pipe 1 l. As the valves 25$ oscillate, the valves 3 are either openad or elpsed at the prepi-r times to permit the exhaust; of the internal eombustion engines or the ML mis ion of air thereto. the oil under pressure t,-p-' ratin;1 to positively accomplish this resuit and to maintain the valves open or (lured, as the case may be. for the required time. In the present embodiment, each valve is open during a period of 360 of the stroke and closed for the same period and the mechanism is so timed that the valves 5 alternately open and close respectively once every tvvo revolutions of the crank sha ft i.

The preferred devil-e for supplying fuel to the internal eom'liustionengines comprises pumpin; nierlianism which delivers the oil fuel to the fuel valves. whence it. may be injerted into the engines, as hereinafter morm partieularly describ d. From any suitable sourre oil for fuel ix eonilueted into a reservoir or chamber 45, which is of sutlieient raparitv to supply oil to separate pumps. one for each internal combustion engine. the reservoir 45 being thus common to the engines. Separate passageways lo ltltl the oil by gravity to pump chambers 47, \vhirh are continuous with the oil reservoir, exeept when rut off as hereinafter set forth. ()perating in eat-h pump chamber is a pump plunger 4x adapted to reeiproeate in said ehamber. and foree the oil of the rhambers through a (heck valve 49. into pipes and 51 earn leading to pipes 512 and 53 through \vhieh latter eompressed air is forced. In the present embodiment the plunger vomprises a rod guided in the walls of the reservoir, suitable parking M surrounding the plunger and eontined by a rap 55' held in plat-e by a spring 56. One end of the plunger 4 is extended above the top or cover 57 of the reservoir. and preferably terminates in a head 59, between \vhirh and the top of the reservoir interposed a relatively stron; spring 59 adapted to raise the plun ger on its inlet stroke. Preferably the plunger passes through a rap tithelosing an open ing in the top of the rese'voir immediately above the parking and trap 55. of sutlirient size to permit the removal of the latter when desired.

In order that the delivery stroke of the pump may eause the discharge of a definite and ernstant amount of oil from the pump ehamber unaffected by any elastie eonditious in the reservoir. means are provided for offering a substantially unyielding resistanee to the oil on the delivery stroke, e3:- eeptat the diseharge opening of the pump. and in the present embodiment this is effected by a valve ()1 disposed in the passagevvay 4G. and adapted to open and elose said passageway When the valve is open, oil from the reservoir gravitates into the pump rhamber, and a sutlieient amount of oil is supplied to the reservoir to fill the passageway and the pump chamber so that when the valve is closed the oil completely fills the pump chamber and the passageway up to and against; the valve, thereby provid' ing a pump chamber without anyelearance. Under such conditions an amount of oil will be diwharged {min the pump cha mlier'eqnal to the displacementvof the p1ston,t .he device bearing 63,anda lever 6-l,pivoted to the stem 65, extends transversely to the stem, one arm 66 being adapted to contact with the upper face of the head '58 of the pump plunger 48, and another arm 67 terminating in Tthe path of :1 lug or tooth 68, carried by an oscillatory rod 69, operated through a strap 70 surrounding one of the eccentrics 30 on the cam shaft 29. A spring 71, lighter than the spring 59 of the pump plunger, operates to depress the valve-stem 62 and open the valve, the spring 61 being interposed between the inner wall of the oil reservoir and a collar 72 on the valve stem. plug 73 is rovided through which the valve 61 may be removed when required. Pivoted at a suitable point on the engine, in the present instance on the oil reservoir, is a bell-crank 74, one arm being connected to a governor (not shownland the other arm having a roller 75, cooperating with the face of the oscillatory rod 69 so that it will rotate the arm about its eccentric 30, sufficiently to cause the tooth 68 to disengage the arm 67 of the lever 64 or to entirely escape said tooth as the condition of running may demand. A leaf spring 76 secured to the end of the rod 69 and sliding on a smooth ortion of the frame returns the tooth 68 into the engaging line of movement, and causes the rod to ollowthe retrogression of the roller and remain in contact therewith.

The operation of the mechanism for feeding the fuel as described will now' be apparent. As the engine operates the shaft 29 rotates and an up and down reciprocatory motion is imparted to the rod 69. As it rises, the tooth 68' lifts the arm 67, and the spring 71 being lighter than the spring 59, the lever 64 will fulcrum on the head 58 of the )ump plunger 48, and the valve 61 will he lifted and close the passageway 46. The lev'er 64 will then fulcrum at its pivot 65 on the valve stem, and the arm 66 will be depressed. thus forcing the pump plunger down after the valve is closed and delivering oil from the pump chamber through the check valve 49 and into the pipe leading to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine. The pump plunger will be depressed according to the full throw of the eccentric '30 unless the governor causes the bell crank to deflect the rod 69. and disengage the tooth 68 from the arm' 67, where upon the pumping of oil will cease and the plunger will at once return to its upper position under the influence of spring 59, the valve 61 being also immediately opened by spring 71, permitting the pump chamber to be again filled from the reservoir. The pos t on of the arm 67 with respect to the position of the tooth 68, determines the in stant of the beginning of the delivery stroke of the pump. and means are provided for adjusting and fixing said position consisting ot an adjustable stop comprising a set screw 77, passing through a bracket or yoke 78 supported on the oil reservoir. The stop is adapted to contact the arm (36, and. with the position of the latter accordingly limits the position of the plunger, as will be apparent. A lock nut 79 is employed to secure the set screw in adjusted position. The stop 77 having been set as desired. the pump will begirl its delivery strokes at identical points in the stroke of the engines, the amount of oil discharged being regulated by the cut-oil devices operated from the governor driven by the engine.

It will be understood that there is a separate fuel pump for each engine, and separate operating and cut-otl' devices for each pump, thou ll for convenience the detailed description as been partly set forth in connection with only oneof the pumps.

In order to provide air under sufficient pressure to inject the fiuel into the cylinders of the internal combustion engines, advantage is taken of the high compression in said cylinders, and a portion of the air supplied for combustion is further compressed to a degree sufficient to force or spray the oil into the engine cylinders against the pressure of compression and at the proper time. To this end a third stage compressor is provided comprising a cylinder 80 located in convenient position to receive a piston or air compressing plunger rod 81, the cylinder 80 being preferably mounted on the head of the expansion motor cylinder, and the plunger being fixed to the piston of the latter motor, passing through a suitable smiling box on the motor cylinder, and adapted to reciprocate in the cylinder 80. Some clearance in the cylinder 80 is provided, in the present instance by spacing the head 82 of the cylinder from the upper limit of the stroke of the plunger 81, and by making the plunger smaller in cross section than the internal cross section of the cylinder. The amount of clearapce maybe adjusted b adjusting the plug 83 in the head of eyeinder 80. Pipes or passageways 84 and 85, connect the interior of cylinders of the internal combustion engines with the air space in the high stage compressor cylinder 81, and upon the compression stroke of the pistons of the former air is driven through the pipes 84 and 85 into the compressor cylinder, check valves 86 and 87 being suitably located to prevent the return of air through said pipes.

The high stage compressor delivers air into a reservoir 88, through a pipe 89 pro- Ylllttl with a (limit valvo to prevent the l't'llll'll oi' air to tln- ('MIIPIUHSHI'. Thu air ]t' ('l'\'(rll 8 l'tlllllll'lnl'tv a vhanihor or on lurg'ml pipv (Ulllltl'lttl h v thr Hllllllt'l pipes 5;. Zlllll All to thl= rhamlwr of ill! l'lurl valves of varh intrrnal ronihution rnginr. The nil from lll! fuel pump ('llUl'S tho [)llltb Ir. anal 23 through a line o irning. alul \'\'lltll thv nmwllu of the l'ul-l vrlvlis oprratml to oprn the valvr. tho air [)l't'l filll't in the reservoir fol-(rs the furl into the riiginc ovlhnlcrn in a line .spra v A it rntnrs it taln s tire. on amount of tho h gh triniicraturc of llir romlillfirfll air in tho rylinilera, but no substantial ilHl'QllS" of prrsmirlr in the ('iililllllHtlUIl rhalnhvr follows. as tho piston at onlo moves on it: pom-r stroko and rontinurs to move, the lu'vssill'v and trmperatnrc in the comhus" tion rhainlwr inrrvlv rlianging aworlling to the polytrophlaw so long as fuel is permittwl to ontvr. When the foul of fuel is (:at oti. as hnroinhcfore rlesrrihell. the stroke of tho ii'uornal ('Ollllillhiliill rnginvs coniphrtwl Irv tho l-xpanaeion of the hot games in tho \'lllllltl".' i. uhrreupon one of the valves 5 in o ivno'l null the hot gases further expawl against thov piston ot' the expansion motor. the piston of tho internal combustion (*iiginlat thr same time rising and driving out the products of roinhustion from the onginlrylin lrr. It will he lln(l1-1l()(. d that the rvvhrs of the internal Combustion engines are sunilaz, mil phased 3450 as horeinlmfore explained.

As the pistons 52 rise simultaneously, one comprrssing air and the other displacing exhaust products. there. is a tendency to drive a portion of the contents of the engine. (:ylimlors through the pipes H-l and. into the third stage roinpreasor. the piston la'l of \vhirh in then tluhtonding. But the third stage compressor is of such dimensions. anll tho clearanro therein is so atljustt-(l, that a pressure: is n'iaintaiiml in the cylinder 80 sullirient to prevent tho entry oi finhl from eithrr internal comn tion on gins} r vlintler until the pressure of COIHPIQQ" sion exrzreils that of the expanding products, whereupon said compressor will take from the cylinder of higher pressure; viz the one in which air is being tomprosssd. and no products of combustion will enter the third stage nom 'iressnr. Owing to the snhstantial trimaran-2e in the third Stage compressor its piston may descend an appreciable amount before its pressure is reduced sutliriently t0 perniit the entry of air from either engine cylinder, hut before such a point is rearlmrl. the pressure of air in one engine will have exceeded the pres are of exhaust in the other. and further rise of tho nngine pistons vvill ranse th a air to cntrr Cvlimhn' 0 at a pressure nui iiriont to repel ah 'irollu ls of ('Ul llllllhtlllll .troni the, other. It will now be. perceived that the. compressinf: niruhani m supplies air at (lint-rent sin-us. one for minhmtion Illztl anothrzl'n-vl iniwtion. llllll that a juil'liuii of l mmzliml to tho rizginrs in furlhrr ill'thfitll ahovtthat ol llit' oi: for vmnhm v tion. it will zilsu lanlztwl that in tliv or rangrinvnt llwrrilroli tire was anion miuilim air for ronihumm ginvs. nltnrnnlrlv. anti that ar giro vhhnl for gmoini ivy-r of a' tho thin! stzigr mm nwfln' fr m he. u; rvlintlrrs. Ahsun'. tht: rum uihlon ignition to he nhoul i Elm. hr initial low ((lllll)l'i5r-'llih vill lm iihr high or third mn- D ni;prvs-:i n prommate Lllllu lhwp. thlparts wing l rlv rlrsigrnml to ilrvrlo i thew: n The furl valve loading to rarh vnginv (vinprisos the usual nvrlliv ill operated in i; lever 9:3 pivotal to a Hill l o wratml l: w ttntl'irs 5W on till (am shall it.

in order to start the vn jinln comprr-nwtl a from a reservoir may hr ilrli rrril lo the i'vlinller of the tet par ion motor through the rotary valve hi. to \vhirh motion is ronignninnivatcil from the rain haft o thv genus and 96. the valve heing designed to all wit the air to the cylinder 9 at the awyer time. A throttle valve 95' operatrd h a handle 96 and rolls 5:? aml 98 adapted to control the supply of motive air to th iIKlQl' 9. The usual quadrant 3%. for handle 96 may he provided.

Slhlahly S ilirmll to the shaft .53 is, infirm.- 100 having 0m itvly projecting slaw-h teeth 101 and 102, the war f. lxning rotatably but nfllktli-lhiilnlill" mountrel on th. aloew. and r-oniprising a hub lining indentations 103 and it'll ilis 'ioszerl at and adapted to he engaged. by the f fli; l and 101 respctirrly. "he 910mb inn has a r al: 1055 moved by a gear srgznwnt H 13 roams In la lnfifl l.

one of several posiinns hv n'ie-nt 102'). lly :itliil .iaml l the cam shaf illitl oihar partn in: the forward or rover. or may be out out anti) engine'to 5 The enginn above described ilhwtrarw a emhntliment in \vhirh heat is more viiirinntl converted into work than in prim rngz x involving internal comhiistio Sinre amount of air is a nivasnre oi 1 povvrr an engine. any exvr'ss at furl nncomhinrtl with air being a waste. the intrmlnttion o practically pure air into the t'ylinilrr of the internal C(ih'll)liti0fi rngines enal lna-a a larger quantity of fuel to he lll'lil' iii and it will he notrv'l that thi e ngrinlll ln 'nizliiai-i from prior t oi irrrnal r1214 ll i i ginr-s of the ran prel m:- other fmtnres. in. asasnring ssw'l lluhl into which tlu lm.

f {M29 air as rliatir- Pi may he pray from a mixture of air and products of combustion from previous power strokes, or as distinguished from engines in which an explosive mixture of air and fuel is introduced and exploded at constant volume. The combined expansion motor and compressor oll'ers a means for the adiabatic compression of the air into the cylinders of the internal combustion engine. thus avoiding the loss of pressure found in those engines where the low compression involves an expansion of the air. In the present embodiment the air is not only adialuitically compressed to the low pressure in the cylinders of the internal combustion engines. but is further adiabatically compressed by the pistons of the latter engines. It will, of course,'be understood that the word adiabatic is used in a sense as distinguished from any changes of temperature of the air due to the heating of the compressor or engine elements from the heat of combustion. While it'is preferred to compress pure air in the cylinders of the internal combustion engines, as makin for greater etliciency. it is to be understod that viewed in some aspects a mixtiire of air and a neutral gas or vapor may be employed, and in the latter case a sutliclent amount of air to combine with the fuel should be used. It will be noted. therefore, that the method of extracting the work from the heat involves. first. a compression of the air to a degree producing a temperature below the igniting point of the fuel to be consumed, then further compressing the compressed air to such a degree as to produce a temperature above the igniting point of such fuel. The fuel for combustion is then gradually introduced into the highly compressed air, and during its introduction combustion is etfected on -account of the temperature of, the air, and its continued introduction into the cylinder causes the movement of the piston-under a constant. pressure until the supply of fuel is cut off, as hereinbefore described. In order to utilize as much as possible of the heat in the excess products of combustion, after the supply of fuel is cut off the hot products are allowed to expand thereafter in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, and a further expansion takes place in the cylinder of the expansion motor.

By separating the power strokes of the 56 internal combustion engines and oy providing suitable intervals between the power strokes of said englns and of the compression motor, together with the arrangement of cranks as hereinbefore set forth, a uniform torque is given, and a substantially uniformly balanced engine is assured. the weights participating to some extent in securing this result.

By the arrangement described, an engine is provided in which comparatively few valves are employed, the inlet and exhaust valves of the internal combustion engines being identical. and the exhaust valves of themternal combustion engines being iden tical with the admission valves of the expansion motor.

The operation of the engine as a whole will be apparent from the above description. Assuming the cylinder 9 to contain pure a ir. and the piston 10 to be at the limit of its outward stroke, one of the engines A or i will be about to execute its power stroke and the other will be about to take in a, fresh supply of air. Let us assume engine A to be about to ell'ectuate its power stroke and the engine B to be about to take in air. The valve 5 of engine B will be opened and the valve 5 of engine A will be held closed, and when the fuel is in'ected into the engine A its piston 2 will be creed down. The piston 10 will rise and compress air through the passageway 14 to a comparatively low pressure in the engine 3. At a certain point in the stroke of engine A the supply of fuel is cut off, and further movement is etlected by the expansion of the gases of combustion. When the three pistons shall have reached the limit of their outward stroke the valve 5 of engine A will be opened and that of engine whereupon a further expansion of tile hot products of combustion will result in causing a power impulse of the piston 10. and when the pistons shall have reached the limit of their outward stroke the engine B will be in position for the injection. of fuel. and the same operation as before will take lace in connection with said engine B. As tie pistons 2 rise. one displacing the products of combustion and the other com pressing from low compression. tiuid from either cylinder will be prevented from entering the third stage compressor until the pressi, in the engine mntaining substanti'al y pure air shall have exceeded that in the en ine which is exhausting, where- 'upon furt er compression of the air will result in forcing a portion thereof into the third stage compressor, whose piston has descended suliiciently by this time to permit the entry of such anthrough one of the check valves 86 or 87, as the case may be. As the piston of the third stage compressor rises, air will be compressed to a pres ure exceeding the ighest pressure in the in ternal combustion engines and stored in the reservoir 88, wherefrom it may be utilized to inject the fuel through the fuel valve at the proper times. as hereinbefore described. It will'be understood that the dimensions of the several engines and of the third stage compressor are such that the difference in pressure referred to in the description H1521 result. As an example of the. relati pressures which may be utilized, it may he a stated that the low compression Caused lay the rise of the pieton 10 ma he about lot) lbs. in the internal comhmtion engine eyliuders. This pressure of air is inereased to say 750 lbs. by compression in the engine (cylinders. and the air forced into the third stage compressor may he compresed thereby to a 1000 lbs.

It will he noted that this engine provides a larger volume of roi'npressed air having a relatively small sin-fare at the rritieal period of the cycle. that l when the pres sure and temperature are high. so that the radiation of heat per unit volume la 5 11121 and less than for the same quantity of air confined in a space having a greater superficial extent, By making the pistons 2 of the engines concave. as billOWll. the unit area of the radiating surface is further (leereawd. Thus. by the above described emhodin'n'nt will he aceomplished. among others. the ohjects hereinbetm'e referred to.

As many changes could he made in carrying out the above method. and in the above construction, and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could he made without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in the above deseript ion or r lifiwn in the aeeempanyingr drawings shall he inter-pretrial as illustrative and not in a limit h1g1 s nse. It is also to he understood that the language used in the following (-laims is intended to rover all of the generic and spu-ilie features of the invention herein described and all statements of the seope of the invention \Vllllll. as a matter of lanmingle. might he eaid to fall thereiietween.

Having desrrihed our invention. what We wlaim as new am deeire to wear-e h}; Letters larent, is:

1. In an apparatus of the rharaeter de- I- 'Ill tl. in oml ination. a rylinder. a pietou adapted to reeiproeate therein. means providing for the inlet of a fluid to one end of the eylinde' as the piston mow-v4 in one direetiou. ports in the eylinder at the end of said stroke. a port the evlinder interimdiate the limits of the piston movement. and meana wherehy the movement. oi the piaton in the opposite direetion transfers fluid into the opposite end of the tji'linder and alter natelv through said tirstanentioned ports.

2. In an apparatus of the eharavter de srrihed. in combination. a -i'vlinder. a piston adapted to reeiprorate therein. n'wanR pro-- viding for the inlet of a fluid to one end of the evlinder as the pistol; nmvm in one di- IWtion. ports in the r vlinder at the rud ol said stroke. a, port. in the eyliuder interme diate the limit. of th pieton im'nemeut. an means whereby the u n'mnr-ru me p an in the opposite tlilt i rues dam! lulu the opposite end of the er and out o:

the oi'linder through two of said lii'rt-HHH- tioued ports alternately.

3. In an apparatus ol the rharaeter de st'rihed. in romhination. a ovlinder. a vraul; raw romnumivating with one end tlz re l a piston adapted to reviproraie in Mid oilin der. a al\e in the rranl; raw adapt d to permit all" to enter the ease and pre ent ts emergenre. a par-'mgrnay ad..pl ed to (Stair lish ronnnunnation hrtween the eranh ram? and the rvlinder on the oppor ite side of the piston at the end of the [)lrlflll eitolitin one direction. the piston living adapted t elonthe passageax-ijv during it stroke in one slireeiion. a'u exhamt port in the evlindrr intermediatr the limit of the pistol; more inent. t-onihined inlet and disrharge ports at. the end oil the eylindrr remote from the ere hauet port. valves eootrollm g the latter ports. a plurality of modulation evliznlern. and means for (patrolling said valve to dis large the routents of the ry inder alternately through said ports intotlre marl n tion vylindere an the piston is operated.

4. In an app \tus of the rharavter described, in combination. a pl ralitv of in" ternal vomhustion enginer a mmhined pump and motor eoniprisii'ig a efi'lintiei. passageways eonnert'inf; v*aid uvlinder and Said engines. and a ('()ll!lllll( l inlet and e\ hauet valve for earl! engine di powd to runtrol said paaaagmvaya.

5. In an apparatua oi the rharaeter do aerihed. in etnn'oination. a plurality of in ternal comlmstion engines ol the four rycle type in which similar phases of the vy-lee are suhetantially 300" apart. a eon'ihined pump and motor comprising a cylinder. and passageways vonne -ting said cylinder and said engines. each engine compri ing a Poor nion valve for the inlet of ail and the or; hauet of products of vomhuation diap" 1' rontrol said pasmigewavs. respeeti ely 45. In an apparatus of the charm-tea deserihed. intomhination, a plural of internal eomlmstion engines of the air r aele 'ype in whit-h similar phases of the (U eles are suhstautially 360* apart. earn engine eomprisinga ("(BHIDQH valve for the inlet of air and the exhaust of produeta at nomlmstion. and a eoinhined pump and motor eylinder eoanerted to the paasageway gm erned in." the nth es. and means for harming the valvea of one engine to renmin open daring a period oi substantially 3430" of the stroke and the other valve to remain eloeed during the same period.

i. In an apparatus of th rhararter do Fil'l .11. in ('omhination. a pluralit v of internal t'roml'mstion engines of the tour e lo type in \vhirh similar phai ea of the tytliS are whstantially 3 0" a art. earh engine v inpi iir a z' illiiltili valve or the h nt of air and the exhaust oi prwdurhe o? w bastion. and a combined pump and motor cylinder connected to the passageway governed by the valves. and means positively holding the valve of one engine open during a period of substantially ita) of the stroke and the other valve closed during the ame period.

s In an app ratus of the character described. in combination. a plurality of internal combustion engines of the four cycle type in which similar phases of the cycles are substantially Sol) apart. each engine comprising a common valve for the inlet of air and the exhaust of products'of combustion. a combined pump and motor cylinder connected to the passageways governed by the valves. and means adapted to cause each of said valves to alternately open and close during every two revolutions of the crank shaft.

9. In an apparatus of the character described. in combination. an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder and piston. an expansion motor comprising a cylinder and piston. a passageway connecting the cylinders. a valve scontrolling the passageway. and means to operate the valve so that the exhaust of the engine discharges into the expansion lllUti and the expansion motor pumps air into tlte engine through said passageway.

10. In an apparatus of the character described. in combination. an internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder and piston. an expansion motor coinprising a cylinder and piston. an air pump. a passageway connecting the cylinders, a separate passageway connecting the expansion motor cylinder and the pump chamber, means whereby the. exhaust of the engine eiwrgizes the expansion motor. and means whereby the pump is operated to supply the motor with air.

ll. In an apparatus of the character described. in combination. a plurality of internal combustion engines, air compressing mechanism, means whereby the air compressing mechanism supplies air for combustion to the engines alternately, and means whereby a portion of the air supplied to each engine is further compressed to a pressure above that of the air for combustion.

.12. In an apparatus of the character described. in combination, a plurality of internal combustion engines. fuel valves, air compressing mechanism, means whereby the air compressing mechanism supplies air for combustion to the engines alternately, and means whereby a portion of the air supplied to each engine is further compressed to a pressure suflicient to feed the fuel into the combustion chamber.

13. In an apparatus of the character described, in combination, a plurality of ineach engine is delivered therefroi ternal combustion engines. an air reservoir, means whereby air for combustion is supplied to the engines alternately. means whereby a portion of the air supplied to each engine is delivered therefrom into the reservoir, and means for maintaining the pressure in the reservoir above that of the pressure in either engine.

ll. In an apparatus of the character described. in combimition, a plurality of internal combustion engines, an air compressor adapted to be supplied from the combustion chamber of either engine, and means whereby the compressor is adapted to take air from the engines alternately.

15. In an apparatus of the character described. in combination. a plurality of internal combustion en ines, an air reservoi means whereby pairiltgn' com ustion is supplied to the engii s alternately, means whereby a portion of the air s pplied to into the reservoir. and means for governing the delivery.

16. .In an aiiparatus of the character described. in combination, an internal aombastion engine. an expansion cylinder, an air reservoir. means whereby the internal combustion engine exhausts intothe expansion cylinder. means whereby the expansion cylinder supplies air for combustion to the internal combustion engine, means whereby a portion of the air supplied to the internal combustion engine is delivered therefrom into the reservoir. and means for compressing the air in the reservoir above the pres sure in the internal combustion engine.

17. In an apparatus of the character described. in combination. an internal combustion engine, an expansion cylinder and piston. an air reservoir, a high stage compressor comprising a piston movable with the expansion piston, means whereby the internal combustion engine exhausts into the expansion cylinder against its piston, means whereby the expansion cylinder and piston operate to supplv air for combustion to the internal combustion engine. means whereby a portion of the air supplied to the internal combustion engine is delivered into the high stage compressor, and means whereby the latter delivers air into the reservoir.

18. In an apparatus of the character described. in combination, an internal combustion engine, a fuel inlet, an expansion cylinder and piston, an air reservoir, a high stage compressor comprising a piston movable with the expansion piston, means wherebv the internal combustion engine exhausts into the expansion cylinder against its piston. means whereby the expansion cylinder and piston operate to supply air for combustion to the internal combustion engine, means whereby a portion of the air supplied to the internal wniiiun'a' engine is delivered into the high oinpresson means whereby the latter rhlirers air into the reservoir, and means adapted to deliver the highly compressed air through the fuel inlet.

19. In an apparatus of the character described. in combination, an internal eombus tion engine, an expansion inc-tor adapted to receive the exhaust from the internal co1nbastion engine, a third stage compressor, means whereby the internal combustion engine and the expansion motor operate to compress air in two tages into the third stage compr an air reservoir and means where J the latter compressor olelivers air into the reseiw'oir.

90. In an apparutus oi the character described in on "binuihsm an internal, coml'iustion engine, inel iniet, expansion motor adapted to receive ti 1 exluius, from the internal comhustion engine. a third stage corn- 1'. means whereby the internal cornbustion engine and the expansion motor operate to comp 8 air in lwo stages into the third sane or; an air rcserw 7 means wher in" .attcr compressor (leiivers air into the Ti u'fliil', and means adapted to deliver the highly compressed air through the fuel inlet.

i l. in an sipnz uatus of the charanter rlescribed, in eomhin tron. a plurality of in icrnal combustion e m an expansion m0 t r adapted to receive the exhaust of the internal combustion engir means whereby the expansion motor alternateh supplies air at crmparativelv low pressure to the internal. coi'ubustion engines, means whereby the internal combustion engines compress said air to a higher pressure. a reservoir, and means u'lierel'iy a portion of the air of higher pres sure further con'ipresseiil into the reservoir lo a pressure exceeding the highest compression in the internal combustion engine.

'21 in an apparatus of the character desrriheil. in rombinalion, a plurality of in-- iri'nnl ,conihusiion engines, fuel inlets therefor, on PYfiflllSiF-i t motor adapted to reeeive the i-xmiust or the internal combustion iii? enrol cmuhnslion on ir a Slim oi the expansion n valves r-Jmiz'ol the no humans for up icing: ihr in to pei'uiir the preview 1:; or wnnhuwtion to onpaml alternately into th moron villi! means hereby the air pump r iv-curiae the n" sion motor rrliiuirr at the end of its pzu non. stroke 2 An apparatus of the character ivs -rlhe(l. Cfllnpl'lziillfL in combination. :1 pinralitv oi internal eoui msuon engin s an ex pansion 111F191. an l n pump. ports count rm ing the combustion V mmirers of {hr internal.

combustion engines uni the r liniirr of the rxf ui'lsiou nio \Ill i i the port ring-ans for 0; tiff to permit the 3;; value of inn! m ni l nwans motor illll il' Will] a r at the era-i or QXDAHLLQUIA dro 2?, An app: u? of iii srribeil. comp: 122' l\ s'nliu' of internal (,Uliii pansion nioton an air pump lug: the romhustion (Tliiilnl combustion cnrrii expansion motor.

ports, means for op rntingi the Viki v to per mit the products or combusiicu to cxprunl alternately into the motor, and means u heir by the air pump scui'enges the expansion motor cvlinrier and iills it with air at i), end of its expansion stroke.

26. An apparatus f the charartcr ilesci'iberl. comprising, in combination, a pluralitv of internal combustion engines, a combined expansion motor and pump QUIZ) prising a cylinder and piston, passageways leading from a point in the ct inner bcvruul the limit of the piston stroke in one dir -r tion to the combustion rlinnoers of the in tcrnnl comhnstion engrm-s respectively, an air inletv port in saifl cviimlrr below the limit of the piston rtrr in the opposite (ll tion, me: is whcrebv the power the comb; crl cxpa an alternate with those of the internal bustion engines. nu us adapted to esilahlisr communication lictueeu the opposite enils of the cvlinrler of the combined expansion motor and pump when the latter completes its power stroke, and nit-ans to close one oi said passageway during sa d, stroke.

2? An apparalm m? the. character (irscribe i, comprising: in combination, a. pinralitv of internal combustion engine; having their phases 38 i) apart, a combined ex pansion motor and pump comprising a r inder and piston. pussagewavs leading from a point in the cvlimlcr beyond the limit of the piston stroke in one direction to the K i routioilingr combustion chambers of the internal courbastion engines, respectively. an air inlet port. in said cylinder below the limit of the piston stroke in the opposite direction. l'lituiis whereby the power stroke of the cone bined expansion motor and pump alternate with those of the internal combustion enpines. means adapted to establish eonnnuni ration between the opposite ends of the eyl iuder of the combined expansion motor and pinup when the latter completes its power stroke, and means to close one of said passageuays during; said stroke.

25 An apparatus of the character de- .--,-;*ribeli. comprising, in combination. a plurality of internal coml'iustion engines. a combined expansion motor and pump comprising a cylinder and piston. passageways lead ing from a point in the cylinder beyond the limit of the piston stroke in one direction t the cembustion chambers of the interna combustion engines. respectively, elves controlling said passageways, an air ilct port in said cylinder below the limit t' the piston stroke in the opprsite direction, means whereby the power stroke of the cimbincd expansion motor and pump alternate yith those of the internal rombustiou engines, means adapted to establish emnmunication between the opposite ends of the cylinder of the combined expansion motor and pump when the latter completes its power stroke, and means to posi-- tively close one of said valves and hold the other open during said stroke.

An apparatus of the character descrilaad, comprising, in combination, a pinrality of internal comlnistion engines, a combined expansion motor and pump com.- prising a cylinder and piston, passageways leading from a point in the cylinder beyond.

the limIt of the piston stroke in one direction to the combustion chambers ot' the inlornal combustion engines, respectively, an air inlet port in said cylinder below the limit of the piston stroke in the opposite direction, a shaft. parallel cranks thereon connected with the pistons of the internal combustion eng nes, respectively, another crank on said shaft disposed at 180 with respect to said first-mentioned crank and connected to the piston of the combined motor cylinder and pump, means adapted to establish communication between the opposite ends of the cylinder of the com ined expans on motor and pump when the latter crmpletes its power stroke. and means to close one of said passageways during said stroke.

30. An apparatus of the character described. comprising, combination, a plurality oi internal combustion engines of the constant pressure type, an expansion motor adapted to receive the exhaust of the internal combustion engines. a reciprocating, pump having its piston identical with that of the expansion motor. and means whereby said pump presses pure air at a relatively low pressure into the cylinders ol the in ternal combustion engines.

31. In an apparatus ot' the character described. in combination. a plurality of internal combustion engines. an expansion motor. means for causing the engines and UH'lUl' to operate in unison, and means for utilizing the cylinder of the expansion m tor to initially compress air at low pressure altermltely into the cylinders of the internal eomlnistion engines. 7

3'3. 111 an apparatus of the character described. in combination, a plurality of internal combustion engines. fuel inlets therefor, an air reservoir, means permitting the passage of fluid from either engine into the reservoir, means adapted to maintain a pressure in the reservoir greater than that in either engine, and means permitting air from the reservoir to feed the fuel through the inlets.

33. In an apparatus of the character de scribed, in combination, a plurality of internal combustion engines. fuel inlets therefor, an air reservoir. mains whereby air for combustion is supplied to the engines alternately, means whereby a portion of the air supplied to each engine is delivered therefrom into the reservoir. means for governing the delivery, and connections between the air reservoir and the fuel inlets.

234. In an apparatus of the character described, in combination. a plurality of internal combustion engines having their similar phases 360 apart. an expansion cylinder and piston, an air reservoir, a high stage compressor comprising [a piston movable with the expansion piston, means whereby the. internal combustion engines exhaust hi to the expansion cylinder. means whereby the expansion cylinder and piston operate to supply air tot combustion to the internal combustion engines. 'means whereby a portion of the air supplied to the internal combustion engines is delivered into the high stage compressor, means whereby the latter delivers air into thoreservoir. and connections between the reservoir and the fuel inlets of the internal combustion engines.

35. A motive unit comprising, in combination. a pair of internal combustion engines of the constant pressure type, a reciprocatory expansion motor and pump having a common piston, common exhaust and inlet passageways connecting the engines and thiexpansion motor and pump, respectively, a igh stage compressor, passageways connecting the compressor and the fuel inlets of the engines, and operating devices associated. with the aforesaid parts whereby fill :iir i'nr r ininmii n ii iii b0 riunprrsscd in the minim Hliiflk the ignition innipnrw iuri: oi" inn luoL and air delivered through the fuel inn-Ls during: lllc lllfh pressure in tluengine-s.

iii in am up nnutus of the rhnrzurier do .wribml. in c mbination, a plurality of internnl combustion in gines, n smnhineql expnin sluli moimand air compressor adapted to rvwivo the exhaust of the engines andcomtill. for combustion, a high stage comor, an uir reser oir (OIlIlQittll therein yids). nays .iM'i'l ll -jf i'roi'n nx'rl engli'ie to the high silage rmngrnssor, and lfliijli valves in the 27m um, and in the connection iii-Airmen pri iuraric-r n ul'ar and P nnghmns, no p ton shill}, n: ,s

*tnrn stroke, a. high stage PiSi'Ull tliersfnr concylinder ,7 ndrr oi the blu b rage (liHllpl'innPd, vzil 'ns permitting lion iron) the enginws in {h r-onign'ossnr cylinder through said. gewuys and preventing rnmrn H W, u -2:.sngr\vu v govrrnml by a vnlie and adapted in hand nir from the compressor to tha reservoir and prevent its return, and pussngrwi' irm'mrr ting the reservoir with the fuel inlrl passageway of each engine.

38. in an apparatus of ihe alum-actor do si'iribad, in rinnliirmtion. n plurality of inter-- nnl (30ml Lion engines having thvir similar phase I 4 P' apart, :1 (UllllllUQll expansion motor and pump romprising u qliznlrr ilili "it mun uxbu sl and lnivi psi r- ;ting Mir engir rylim and n2 ill nxpnnxinn n it r :sml n inlri and mininsi mlvos gin-w. 2,.- i id PH g nwnysi. nxnnusi; and nil inlet. porn; 0: (his i-yliuder of the expansion motor and pump go erned by the piston and adjacent flag end of its motor stroke, a passageway connecting rhe interior of the expans on motor and pump cylinder around iis piston through the air inlet port in said cylinder. and an air inlet valve in said cyl' inder below the pinion.

39. In an apparatus of the character described, in conibiimtion, u plurality of inter nal combustion engines, an expansion motor, means for causing the engines and motor to ope ate in unison, and means for utilizing the expansion motor to initially compress air nlivernnijely intotlncylinders of tin in irrnul conil'uustion engines. unnprising n plurnlity of ports in the expansion mot-or ()l'llKlB'l' all one Qlllilflf its stroke, an exhaust port at the opposite end of in; stroke, valves adapted to control passage through the filsi-mmltiunml ports. and means adapted to positively oprrute said valves,

40. in nu uppz-nulus of the character described. in vmub'inntion, a plurality of inmllzli (UlillidSilOH rngines, an expansion motor, nwuns for musing the engines and motor to opmnr in unison, means for utilizing the the t"\'l j2l1-1l(ii moior to initially compress nix :ilirrualely inio the cylinders of the internal :mnabusiion engines, (-mnprising ti plw mil;- ni 'ilmission ports in the expansion EH/i r .iler at one and of its strv'fa, a purl 1:? hr op ms'ate sud of its stroke adapted in iliscnmrg iiw nrnmnsion motor cylinder Gil :j-ilfil la of its piston as the admin simi pin-ts. i'ili was adapted to control passage rllrougl said iirsnnmntioned ports, and liFl'EUlS :ulrng l d Lo positively npernix: said i i ro l it, in an nppnrains of bias ohamctsr (if? biiliJHL in nnibination, a plurality of inmnzil mznhus :1 engines, an expansion minor comprising i}. eylinder, a piszon ndapinil to rural/:2 therein, means for sunning mil-lv Ugll'iQS and motor to operate in unison, and nwnni; for uti izing the expnnsion motor to iz'nixinlly rornpress in althrmisly into the En'wrnnl combustion angfinns. comprising means providing for the inlet of a fluid to one end of said cylinder as its piston moves in one dire-ction, ports in said cylinder at the and of said stroke, and means whereby the movement, of said pision in he opposite m in s for causing said *uESOX], i l in 1; ion motor in initially romprsss air alternately into the inisrnnl comiuzstion engines, comprising rue-ans providing for the'inlek of a fluid to one end of said cylinder as its piston moves in one direction, )orts in said cylinder at the end of said strolie, a port in said cylinder intermediate the limits of said piston m0vement, and means whereby the movement of said piston in the oppositedirection transfers fluid into the opposite end of said cylinder and alternately through said first-mentinned ports.

43. In an apparatus of the character de mil combustion engines, an expansion motor, 

